VENEZUELA

By

Ana María Uribe

Beatriz Trujillo

Sara Cordoba

Melissa Gonzalez

In this presentation Beatriz did not make to arrive but the other classmates presented all. The main topic of this presentation was Leadership in Venezuela so it was necessary talk about the president Hugo Chavez and his influence in our neighbor country. The official name of Venezuela is the Bolivarian Repuplic of Venezuela and his president is both chief of state and head of government, the capital city is Caracas.

After a general review of the country our clasmates told us a little bit about the behaviour of the business people, they are punctual an like to have control in the conversations, it is not good to talk about politics in a business conversation and if you want to do business with Venezuelans think in a long-term relationship. When you introduce yourself to a group of people do it always first to the oldest one and when you say good-bye do it to each person individually. Something very funny is that if you are invited to a venezuelan's house DO NOT arrive PUNCTUAL!

BUSINESS IN VENEZUELA

•The business set up in Venezuela is hierarchical (plays- teamwork and collaboration)

Due to the managers’ paternalistic attitude, the role often extends into giving advice on personal matters.

•Managers tell subordinates what they want done, although they may consult with subordinates with experience in a specific area before making decisions.

•Venezuelans focus on long-term rather than short-term goals.

•Men should not take off their suit jacket unless the most senior Venezuelan does, while women should never remove their suit jacket during meetings or negotiations.

•Women's opinions are generally well respected.

•It is important to have a wide range of contacts; this is a country where "who you know" is often more important than what you know.

Poor communication can devastate a company:

when an employee does not share ideas, or opinions with their superiors (fear), the decisions of that manager suffer, due to the lack of knowledge of what is really going on in the organization and with the market place.

Venezuela is seen to have a medium tolerance for change and risk; it is very relationship-oriented, therefore people will not want to upset others in order to push through a deadline.

MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP

¢Venezuela has lack of good managerial leadership in the business sector.

¢Management leadership in Venezuela, emerged from the sindicato laboral.

¢Organizations are changing their structures to become linear (horizontal) where communication is direct and absent bureaucrazy makes the decision-making process more effective

¢The actual management in Venezuela is based on teams work and the interrelations between all the members of an organization.

¢This will aim at customer satisfaction and all the processes that make up its administrative management will focus on this goal as well which will make the organizational culture is customer oriented.

¢Management in Venezuela is a challenge, because environmental conditions are constantly changing, uncertain, turbulent, and risky. Companies have to be aware for a constant change among threats, opportunities

At the end of the presentation we saw a funny video of one guy that started making a very strange dancing and the people

started to followed him, he was a real leader!!

Example of A SYSTEM OF BELIEFS

Examples of RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RELIGION INSTITUTION AND A SYSTEM OF BELIEFS?

A religious institution is established as a non profit organization constituted to promote religious purposes or beliefs. To be an institution it is necessary to have a common place to worship the believe god or gods such as churches,temples, synagogues,mosques. All charities supported by religious organizations or societies founded by members of faith can be recognize as a religious institutions. In the other hand, a system of beliefs is a mental assumption, idea or knowledge that one person believe as the truth and assume it as his/her point of view about anything concrete, ex: person,object,group, or about anything abstract,ex:thoughts,theories,information. This system of beliefs that is also call cognitive system, determines how a person uses, filter and receives the information of all the world around them. So we can see that a religion institution is something established where you follow some set rituals and assist to ceremonies and comply with the mandates of that institution while a system of belief is a mental patron that each person decided to follow or believe and it is about anything not only religion, a system of beliefs can be consider more as a style of life.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/cognitive-belief-system.html
http://www.smallbusinessbible.org/featureswebdesigns_religiousinstitutions.html
http://brookhavenislamiccenter.org/

OCTOBER 6TH

Last class we talk about Religion, there were a lot of history around this topic, some debates and somehow I realized that religion influences a lot the behavior of a person in all aspects of their life.

First, the professor started talking about Babylon because the bible reveals that all systems of religion started in that land , from there he started to talked about Judaism, which is one of the oldest monotheistic religious,Jews believe that God choose Abraham to be the father of a people who would be an example of god behavior and holiness for the rest of the world.Abraham is called Ibrahim by Muslims who see him as the father of the Arab people as well as the Jewish people through his two sons, Isaac and Ishmael (Isma'il in Arabic.Muslims are those who follow the Islamism which began in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the Prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe that there is only one God. The Arabic word for God is Allah.But continue with judaism,the Jews, under God’s guidance became a powerful people with kings such as Saul, David, and Solomon, who built the first great temple.From then on Jewish worship was focussed on the Temple, as it contained the Ark of the Covenant, and was the only place where certain rites could be carried out.What is called the "Current Era" (After Christ) traditionally begins with the birth of a Jewish teacher called Jesus. His followers came to believe he was the promised Messiah and later split away from Judaism to found Christianity, a faith whose roots are firmly in Judaism.This history of Christianity is focussed on the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, the son of God.It has been suggested that the work of Jesus Christ and the impact of his death and resurrection would not have made any lasting impact on the world were it not for the missionary work of Paul.He understood the resurrection to signal the end of the need to live under Jewish law.Instead Paul taught of living in the Spirit in which the power of God was made to work through human flesh.He insisted that Gentiles had as much access to the faith as Jews and that freedom from the Law set everyone free.It was this teaching which was essential for the development and success of the early church which would otherwise have remained nothing more than another Jewish sect.Paul established Christian churches throughout the Roman Empire, including Europe, and beyond - even into Africa.Constantine set Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire.When Rome fell in 476, it meant that Western and Eastern Christians were no longer under the same political rule and differences in belief and practice arose between them.The split led to the Orthodox church and the Roman Catholic church. The Orthodox church does not recognize the authority of the Roman papacy and claims a Christian heritage in direct descent from the Christian church of Christ's believers.Catholics believe that the Pope, based in Rome, is the successor to Saint Peter whom Christ appointed as the first head of His church. He therefore stands in what Catholicism calls the apostolic succession, an unbroken line back to Peter and has supreme authority. Popes can speak infallibly on matters of faith and morals but in practice do so rarely. The professor told us about the church in the middle age and how it turned to be more a business than a religion institution, because they holy name someone to obtain profits from the people, this cause some controversy because Ana defended the church so the professor said he will send some proves of this.In the XVI century the King Henry VIII of England wanted to end his marriage but the catholic church did not allow this, so he broke ties with the pope and the church of Rome, making certain changes in the worship and practice of christians in England. The church in England became Known as Anglicanism. Some classmates said that this was a fake church because was created just under the needs of that king.Then the professor talked a little bit about other beliefs in the world such us the Buddhism which is is a tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development. Buddhists strive for a deep insight into the true nature of life and do not worship gods or deities.The history of Buddhism is the story of Siddhartha Gautama spiritual journey to Enlightenment, and of the teachings and ways of living that developed from it.One day, seated beneath the Bodhi tree (the tree of awakening) Siddhartha became deeply absorbed in meditation, and reflected on his experience of life, determined to penetrate its truth.He finally achieved Enlightenment and became the Buddha. The Mahabodhi Temple at the site of Buddha's enlightenment, is now a pilgrimage site.Buddhist legend tells that at first the Buddha was happy to dwell within this state, but Brahma, king of the gods, asked, on behalf of the whole world, that he should share his understanding with others.Here the professor made a connection between Buddhism and Hinduism because Brahma is for both the creator. Hinduism is the religion of the majority of people in India and Nepal. It also exists among significant populations outside of the sub continent and has over 900 million adherents worldwide.Unlike most other religions, Hinduism has no single founder, no single scripture, and no commonly agreed set of teachings.

At the end of this speech we saw the differences between many conceptions of creation, beliefs and cultures around the world that came from a religious point of view.

Bibliography

• The concepts saw in class and some research in http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/

RUSSIA

By

Diana Marcela Vasquez Correa

TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLE

1. Severe climate conditions: russians have a fatalistic mentality

2.Orthodox Christian ethic: the principal values are, forbearance and obedience to the hierarchy

3.Rapid historical change: they past from communist to post communist mentality

IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO GENERALIZE HOW IS A RUSSIAN, BUT THEIR PRINCIPALLY CHARACTERISTICS ARE:

TECHNOCRATS,INVENTIVE, NO FORMAL MANAGEMENT EDUCATION, RULES ORIENTED, HIGHLY QUALIFY,COLLECTIVIST, PATERNALISTIC WORK STYLE

FIRST ENTREPRENEURS

"The end justify the means", Russians take risks and are flexible if they see that is in order to achieve a purpose .

What is organizational learning?

"Ways to design organizations so that they fulfill their function effectively, encourage people to reach their full potential and at the same time, help the world to be a better place"

Learning dimensions:

System levels:

-Individual

-Group

-Organizational

-Inter-organizational

Learning modes

-Cognitive

-cultural

-action learning

Learning typology

-adaptive

-proactive

Learning process

-identification of info

-generation of knowledge

-exchange and diffusion

BUSINESS PROTOCOL

• Develop a network of people you know and trust
• Patience
• Honesty
• Not to be "all business"
• Do not rush russians
• win-lose scenarios
• arrive punctual
• written material in english and russian
• confirm the meeting

VIETNAM

By

Ana Cristina Posada

Ivan Hernández

The main topic of this presentation was work-ethics applied in Vietnam.

What is ethics of an organization?

It is how an organization ethically responds to an internal or external stimulus. It is interdependent with the organizational culture. We learned that corporate responsibility is one of the most important ethics within an organization,it refers to fulfilling the responsibilities or obligations that a company has toward its stakeholders.Another ethic of the organization is the corporate social responsibility that are the obligations a company has to the community, particularly with respect to charitable activities and environmental stewardship. There are also business ethics and corporate compliance.

There are four issues concerning ethics

1. Reputation
2. Accurate accounting
3. Fair labor practices
4. Environmental factors

VIETNAMESE ETHICS IN THE ORGANIZATION

Only 10% of foreign companies agreed to any labor contract with workers.The simple reason is that the firms did not want to increase expenses.A labor contract would compel the companies to contribute 2% of total monthly wage expenditure to the government unemployment fund, and an additional 10% for social insurance.

DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN THE ORGANIZATION

• "Individualistic approach", every person in an organization is morally responsible for his or her own behavior, and any efforts to change that behavior should focus on the individual.
• "Communal approach", here individuals are viewed not in isolation, but as members of communities that are partially responsible for the behavior of their members.

VIETNAMESE CULTURE

• 80% of vietnamese population is young
• 90% literacy rate
• actions are more important than words
• focus time on season instead of weeks
• formal behavior
• very collectivist
• masculine society

VIETNAMESE BUSINESS CULTURE

• Take time to know the person before doing business.
• Act professional and conservative
• Respect the hierarchical structure
• Have all written documents translated into Vietnamese
• Give business cards with both hands
• Vietnamese tend to wait a while before responding
• Handshakes usually take place only between members of the same sex
• Gift giving is a common practice in Vietnam

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

By

Maria Fernanda Gil

Kathrin Schleich

Daniela Montoya Gil

Paula Andrea Castaño

The main topic of this presentation was -communication and team work- in USA , at the star we first learn how is the organizational culture in this country that is the most powerful of the world. In the united states, the organizational culture of the corporations is strongly oriented to results, companies focus on short term benefits that is why they work long hours and take just two weeks of vacation. The CEO of an American organization holds great sway within the company. The major values for an american corporation are: affirmative action,equal employment opportunities,safety in the workplace, and avoidance of discrimination based on age,race,ethnicity, and sexual orientation.

COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS

There are four styles of communication

• Agressive communication: a person with that uses this kind of communication is close minded, does not listen, has problems to get and understand the other person's point of view interrupts in conversations.
• Passive communication: this people are indirect when they say something , always agrees with everything
• Passive-agressive communication: they are no honest with others, just want to achieve their wanted goals no matter how
• Assertive communication: this is the one that uses an effective , active listener because expresses self directly, honestly and makes sure other feel good and comfortable as well

The communication style in the USA business is generally aggressive because american always insist on their point of view

What is team work?

It can be defined as the process of different people working together to achieve the same goal by taking into account the following factors:

• Communication
• Coordination
• Balance of contributions
• Effort

Americans are good team players, everyone gives one's best!

Management style in the USA

It can be described as individualistic. Managers are accountable for the decisions made within their areas of responsibility.

Business protocol

• They tend to be aggressive
• They do not have time for vagueness, diplomacy and lack of focus which they perceive as typifying meeting situations in such diverse cultures as the UK an Japan
• Meetings often include formal presentations by one or more of the participants and these presentations are vital element in the demonstration of professional competence.
• Business conversation may take place during meals
• Do not give gifts, a gracious written note is always appropriate an acceptable.
• Many public places do not allow smoking

SEPTEMBER 22 TH

The last class we saw four presentations:

ARGENTINA

By

Maria Fernanda Salazar Loaiza

Melissa Ochoa Ruiz

The main topic of this presentation was -Motivation in the work place- with emphasis in Argentina. At the start of the presentation they made an introduction about the company, we learned that Argentina is the most european-influenced country in South America, 85% of argentinian people are descendants of european immigrants,mostly Italy.So this european influence has a strong impact on business.They like to be viewed as cosmopolitan and progressive.

Management style in Argentina

• Managers tend to be authoritarian
  
• Managers tend to be paternalistic it mean that it is compared with the father-son relationship
• The boss acts like a boss
  
• Managers are to be respected and obeyed
• Power and decision-making concentrated at the top
• There is often a strong fear of the boss

MOTIVATION IN THE WORKPLACE

WHAT IS MOTIVATION?

It is like a force that makes us do things, result of each one needs so it changes from person to person and determine the effort we put into our work.

"Your employees are your greatest asset and no matter how efficient your technology and equipment may be,it is no match for the effectiveness and efficiency of your staff ".

Motivational theory

Herzberg's two factor theory

- Factors that motivated employees in the workplace
- Factors that prevented job dissatisfaction

"Less connection with money and more associated with personal development and achievement"

Actions for increase motivation

• If has a small number of employees, you will probably have an idea what motivates each one
• If has a large number of employees,you may decide to delegate the task of identifying,motivational issues to assistant managers of immediate supervisors of the employees,etc.

There are two types of incentives a company can give to their employees

1. Financial: for those employees involved in production, produce as much as possible in order to achieve a high pay, company cars,private health, interest free or share of the company profits.

2. Non-Financial: giving employees more responsability, promise the chance of promotion if they reach a certain standard or target,job enlargement,rotation and enrichment.

Argentina's organizational culture

• Argentines have a relatively strong work ethic
• It is bases on the short term planning
• Polychrinic culture
• High information flow
• Relationship oriented
• Timescales and deadlines need to be set in advance
• Several meetings
• Tough negotiators

Business Protocol

• A handshake and no show respect when greeting someone
• Hug and kiss on the cheek
• Argentines are touchers and stand close to each other when speaking
• "OK" and "thumbs up" gestures are consider vulgar
  
• Hitting the palm of the left hand with the right means "that is stupid"
• Do not give personal items
  

:D:D JAPANESE SMILE TRAINING :D:D

JAPAN

By

Natalia Soto

Juan Pablo Puerta

Ana María Araque

The main topic of this presentation was the emotions in the work place based on Japan. First of all, they show some videos , one of them was so curious because I did not know that japanese are implementing a system in which they controls how to do a perfect smile, because it has becoming very important in the japanese work place. In the other videos we could recognized how important is to control our emotions of angry or desperation because we can do something we will regret later, as they show people hitting and destroying their computers.

Did you know that Japan ....?

• Is the world's most successful manufacturing and trading economy
• Have relatively few natural resources and variable climate, it suffers earthquakes and extremes of weather
• Is culturally influences by taiost,confuciand,asian and western ideas
• Is highly collectivist
• Is the most masculine of all countries
• Has an intest interest in detail and miniature
• Has flexible attitudes to change
• Development is based on technology
• Has to visible industrial sectors: a modern sector and the traditional one.

Management style

1. Agricultural age management styles: rigid social class dividions meant management by dominant social class
2. Industrial age management styles:hierarchical management models in industrialized western countries.
3. Information age management styles: network-based,participatory management,consensus/team building,quality circles and total quality management;japanese management models, and elimination of some middle management positions.

Profile of traditional Japanese management practices

Management techniques include:

• In-house training of managers
• Consensual and decentralized decision-making
• extensive use of quality control methods
• carefully codified work standards
• emphasis on creating harmonious relations among workers
• life time employment and seniority-based compensation

eMoTioNs?

Emotions are psychological and physiological episodes

experienced toward and object,person,or events that create a

state of readiness

MooD?

Less intense emotional states that are not directed toward

anything in particular.

It is very important to control emotions at work in order to have a good atmosphere and relationship in the place you go every single day and do a good job.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (EI): The ability to perceive and express emotion in though, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in oneself and others.

Business protocol in Japan

Show respect for Japanese culture all the time

The traditional form of greeting is the bow that depends on the relationship to the other person and the situation

It can be so impolite to introduce yourself

Punctuality is important

Always give a small gift to the most superior person at the end of the meeting

Japanese business cards are called meishi and are received with both hands

Remove your shoes before entering to a house

Wait to be told where to sit

Learn to use chopsticks

Dress to impress

Women should not wear pants in a business situation